Formulas and Constants

angle = s 360/(2 (pi) d)

 

Force and energy

 

E= 1/2 mv²

 

E= mc²

 

F = GM₁M₂/d²

 

v_esc = (2GM/r)^1/2

density

D= M/ (4/3) (pi) R³

 

 

Kepler

 

P² =a³

 

(M₁ +M₂) P² = a³ units are solar masses for M, years for p and astronomical units for a

 

Light

 

c =(lambda) f

 

E = h f h= Planck's constant

E = (sigma)T⁴ sigma = constant

(lambda)_max = .003m K/T

 

(lambda-lambda₀)/(lambda)₀ = v/c c=speed of light