Formulas and Constants

 

a = s 360/2 p d

 

Force and energy

 

E= 1/2 mv²

 

E= mc²

 

F = GM₁M₂/d²

 

v_esc = (2GM/r)^1/2

density

D= M/ (4/3) p R³

 

 

Kepler

 

P² =a³

 

(M₁ +M₂) P² = a³ units are solar masses for M, years for p and astronomical units for a

 

Light

 

c = lf  

 

E = h f

 

E = sT⁴

 

l_max = .003m K/T

 

D l/l₀ = v/c